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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
271 questions in 11 reviews · Temporomandibular disorders and sleep
current versionsNo studies 70 · 25.8%Ungraded 160 · 59%Very low 29 · 10.7%Low 12 · 4.4%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Adverse reactions · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 1 year Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | Only Goudot 2000 reported adverse reactions. Arthroscopy group: one transient frontal palsy (during 3 months); one cervico-facial oedema requiring prolonged intubation (12 hours). Arthrocentesis group: two severe… | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Overall success (compound score combining pain and MIO) · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 6 to 24 months Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.56, 1.49] | 1 study · 19 participants | Ungraded |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Temporomandibular joint tenderness · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported temporomandibular joint tenderness. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Quality of life · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | No data about quality of life were reported by the included trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Deviation of the mandible · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported deviation of the mandible. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Pain (VAS) · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 24 months Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | MD -1.00 [-2.12, 0.12] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Muscular tenderness · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported muscular tenderness. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Maximum bite force · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported maximum bite force. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Maximum incisal (mouth) opening (MIO) · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 6 to 24 months (Fridrich); 12 months (Goudot) Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | MD -5.28 [-7.10, -3.46] | 2 studies · 81 participants | Ungraded |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Improvement in pain (proportion of participants improved/healed) · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… · 1 year Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.87, 1.38] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Total sleep time (min) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD -8.60 [-96.17, 78.97] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Sleep efficiency (%) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD -2.40 [-8.36, 3.56] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Mandibular advancement device Pain during the night (adverse effect) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus mandibular advancement device (Landry 2006): pain during the night occurred with the MAD max and MAD min configurations (8/13). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological interventions (benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, beta blockers, dopamine agents, antidepressants, botulinum toxin A and B, analgesics) Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Pharmacological interventions remained a planned comparator, but no included trial compared occlusal splint with any drug; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Mandibular advancement device Oral dryness (adverse effect) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus mandibular advancement device (Landry 2006): oral dryness occurred with the MAD min configuration (7/13). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) Pain in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus TENS, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (Alvarez-Arenal 2002): the event did not occur in either group, so the risk ratio was not estimable. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Behaviour therapy (sleep hygiene, relaxation, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback) Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Behaviour therapy remained a planned comparator, but no included trial compared occlusal splint with behaviour therapy; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Mandibular advancement device Comfort (visual analogue scale) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus mandibular advancement device, comfort (median VAS 0 to 100 mm) (Landry 2006): occlusal splint 79 mm, MAD free 41 mm, MAD min 15 mm, MAD max 12 mm; the occlusal splint was rated most comfortable. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Awakenings per hour · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [-2.51, 3.31] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) Clicks in TMJ on oral opening and closing · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | RR 0.60 [0.19, 1.92] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment Increase in the size of wear facets (canine teeth) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… · children (age 3 to 5 years) Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.03, 1.15] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Arousal index · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD 1.22 [-3.61, 6.05] | 2 studies · 39 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) Clicks in TMJ on oral opening or closing · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.33, 3.02] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Placebo Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Placebo remained a planned comparator in the review methods (Types of interventions), but none of the five included trials compared occlusal splint with placebo; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Episodes with grinding noise · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD 0.90 [-10.19, 11.99] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Mandibular advancement device Sleep bruxism episodes per hour of sleep · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… · MAD in 75% advancement (MAD max) Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD 5.9 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment Increase in the size of wear facets (canine teeth) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… · 6 months of follow up, children (age 3 to 5 years) Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.03, 1.15] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) Headaches · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus TENS, headaches (Alvarez-Arenal 2002): the event did not occur in either group, so the risk ratio was not estimable (Risk Ratio, M-H, Fixed, 95% CI; subtotals only). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Mandibular advancement device Preference (device preferred by participants) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus mandibular advancement device, preference (Landry 2006): 12 of 13 participants preferred the occlusal splint over the mandibular advancement device (MAD free); a higher proportion of benefitted… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Comfort (visual analogue scale) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus palatal splint, comfort (median VAS 0 to 100 mm) (Dube 2004): occlusal splint 79.3 (SD 4.7) mm versus palatal splint 77.8 (8.1) mm; both rated as equally comfortable. No participant reported dry… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Preference (device preferred by participants) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Occlusal splint versus palatal splint, preference (Dube 2004): all participants preferred the palatal splint rather than the occlusal splint; 71% felt the occlusal splint offered greater protection for their teeth. At… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Palatal splint Number of bruxism episodes per hour of sleep (Epi/h) · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | MD 0.54 [-10.95, 12.93] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Minimal/no treatment Pain (severity/palpation; PSS, PPI, VAS) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD -3.20 [-4.81, -1.59] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Jaw exercises TMJ clicking · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · up to 6 months Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs jaw exercises (Magnusson 1999): TMJ clicking at 3 months and greater than 3 months; no statistically significant between-group difference. Forest-plot data presented, totals not pooled. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Visual feedback Movement (lateral mandibular movement) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs visual feedback (Monteiro 1988): both SS and visual feedback groups showed a significant decrease in lateral mandibular movement scores (P<0.01); data were unavailable for analysis. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Bite plates Helkimo dysfunction score · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.20, 2.23] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Acupuncture Movement (deviation and range of mouth opening) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.35, 0.84] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Minimal/no treatment Depression (CES-D, POMS) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD -3.90 [-6.29, -1.52] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Acupuncture Helkimo clinical dysfunction score · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs acupuncture (Johansson 1991): Helkimo clinical dysfunction score decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.01) with no significant between-group difference; data not available for a pooled estimate. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Acupuncture TMJ clicking · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.56, 1.78] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Biofeedback/stress management Treatment credibility · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.69, 0.49] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Non-occluding splint Pain (unpleasantness/intensity/palpation) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.81, 2.58] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Non-occluding splint Movement (increase in maximal mouth opening) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD 1.45 [-1.47, 4.37] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Relaxation Pain (reduction in pain on palpation) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs relaxation (Okeson 1983; Winocur 2002): reduction in pain on palpation. Okeson 1983 showed a significant reduction favouring SS; Winocur 2002 did not. Significant heterogeneity (P<0.01, I2=98.3%) meant the data… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Biofeedback/stress management Helkimo clinical dysfunction index · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.64, 1.92] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Acupuncture Pain (palpation and on movement) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.24, 1.65] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Biofeedback/stress management Pain (severity/muscle palpation) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD 0.30 [-0.48, 1.08] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Jaw exercises Pain (TMJ, muscle, on movement) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · up to 6 months Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs jaw exercises (Magnusson 1999): improvements in all pain outcomes (TMJ pain, muscle pain, pain on movement) for both groups at 3 and 6 months; no statistically significant between-group difference at any time… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Relaxation Movement (maximal mouth opening) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | SS vs relaxation (Okeson 1983; Winocur 2002): change in maximal mouth opening (active/comfortable and assisted/painful). Significant heterogeneity (active/comfortable P<0.01, I2=92.9%; assisted/painful P<0.01, I2=94%);… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Stabilisation splint (SS) vs Biofeedback/stress management Depression (CES-D, POMS) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity · 3 months or less Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (2004) · Cochrane | MD 5.50 [1.49, 9.51] | 1 study | Ungraded |