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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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793 questions in 32 reviews · Periodontology

current versions

No studies 148 · 18.7%Ungraded 429 · 54.1%Very low 137 · 17.3%Low 53 · 6.7%Moderate 14 · 1.8%High 12 · 1.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Adverse events (participants with adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	SoF 2 (Adverse effects): 3 studies reported no adverse effects. 328 (3 studies); Moderate.	3 studies · 328 participants	Moderate
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 12 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 0.14 [-4.4, 4.68]	1 study · 168 participants	Low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Heart rate · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	Heart rate was reported only by Higashi 2009 (periodontal treatment vs no treatment); no study in the intensive-treatment vs supra-gingival-scaling comparison reported heart rate.	NR	No studies
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.15 [-2.47, 2.17]	2 studies · 294 participants	Low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -1.94 [-2.35, -1.53]	1 study · 48 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -2.08 [-4.84, 0.68]	2 studies · 227 participants	Low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -6.00 [-12.68, 0.68]	1 study · 101 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.72 [-1.74, 0.30]	2 studies · 103 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.25 [-1.30, 0.80]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -11.2 [-15.4, -7.0]	1 study · 101 participants	Moderate
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.16 [-2.15, 1.83]	2 studies	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -18.90 [-26.34, -11.46]	1 study	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	No included study reported the proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion.	NR	No studies
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (endothelial microparticles) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -565.52 [-806.04, -325.00]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -4.96 [-13.04, 3.13]	2 studies · 227 participants	Very low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -9.38 [-15.85, -2.91]	1 study	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 1.19 [-0.55, 2.93]	1 study · 168 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.37 [-1.40, 0.65]	2 studies	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Adverse events (participants with adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	SoF 1 (Adverse effects): Only 1 study reported that 1 participant in the treatment group experienced a myocardial infarction during the study period. 1 study reported no adverse effects. The remaining 2 studies did not…	2 studies · 294 participants	Low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.08 [-0.78, 0.61]	2 studies	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 1.63 [0.43, 2.83]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.40 [-0.45, -0.35]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.49 [-0.67, -0.32]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (endothelial microparticles) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -384.42 [-625.58, -143.26]	1 study · 107 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.14 [-4.05, 3.77]	2 studies · 294 participants	Low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 0.65 [-1.23, 2.53]	1 study · 55 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Endothelial function (forearm blood flow) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 0.10 [-0.67, 0.87]	1 study · 48 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -11.47 [-18.54, -4.40]	1 study	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -2.25 [-9.41, 4.92]	2 studies · 108 participants	Low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.34 [-1.06, 0.38]	1 study · 169 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -3.55 [-10.09, 2.98]	2 studies · 227 participants	Very low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -36.80 [-46.47, -27.13]	1 study · 48 participants	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.20 [-1.33, 0.93]	2 studies	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -10.50 [-17.17, -3.83]	1 study	Ungraded
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.55 [-0.70, -0.40]	1 study	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -2.45 [-7.95, 3.05]	1 study · 55 participants	Very low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -2.55 [-6.9, 1.8]	2 studies · 103 participants	Low
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Heart rate · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.70 [-6.06, 4.66]	1 study · 48 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.18 [-0.42, 0.05]	2 studies · 294 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -1.60 [-2.31, -0.89]	1 study · 168 participants	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD 0.59 [-9.18, 10.36]	1 study · 55 participants	Very low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -6.64 [-16.83, 3.55]	2 studies · 227 participants	Very low
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.42 [-0.47, -0.37]	1 study	Ungraded
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane	MD -0.90 [-2.97, 1.17]	1 study · 48 participants	Ungraded
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	Included studies have not reported this outcome	NR	No studies
Azithromycin + SRP vs SRP Probing pocket depth · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Short-term (≤ 3 months) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	MD -0.57 [-1.08, -0.07]	6 studies · 216 participants	Ungraded
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Intermediate-term (> 3 months to < 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	MD 0.34 [-0.08, 0.76]	3 studies · 75 participants	Ungraded
Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP Probing pocket depth · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	MD -1.11 [-2.84, 0.61]	2 studies · 47 participants	Very low
Azithromycin + SRP vs SRP Probing pocket depth · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	MD -0.77 [-2.33, 0.79]	2 studies · 110 participants	Very low
Doxycycline + SRP vs SRP Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane	MD -0.80 [-1.49, -0.11]	1 study · 22 participants	Very low