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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral olesoxime vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · non‐ambulatory children and adolescents with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99] | 1 study · 165 participants | Moderate |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Change in disability score · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Change in muscle strength · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Change in quality of life · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Low |
Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · children with SMA type II Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.1 [1.25, 7.84] | 1 study · 107 participants | Moderate |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Change in disability score · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Very low |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Change in muscle strength · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Low |
Oral creatine vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Change in quality of life · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Very low |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous somatotropin vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · children and adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [0.78, 3.17] | 19 participants | Low |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Change in disability score · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Change in muscle strength · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Very low |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Change in quality of life · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral creatine vs placebo Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Time to death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Low |
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Very low |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Change in disability score · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Change in muscle strength · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Change in quality of life · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |
Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.92, 1.89] | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Change in disability score · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 31 participants | Low |
Oral creatine vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · children with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Change in muscle strength · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 30 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Change in quality of life · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 participants | Moderate |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Change in pulmonary function · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 24 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 33 participants | Low |
Oral valproic acid vs placebo Adverse events related to treatment · ambulatory adults with SMA type III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.44, 1.44] | 33 participants | Low |
Oral gabapentin vs placebo Change in disability score · adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Oral gabapentin vs placebo Change in muscle strength assessed as: % change in total muscle strength from baseline · adults with SMA types II and III Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Function · participants with CTEV at initial presentation Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · participants with resistant CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 4 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Function · participants with relapsed or recurrent CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Foot alignment · participants with relapsed or recurrent CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Gait assessment · participants with relapsed or recurrent CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · participants with relapsed or recurrent CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · participants with relapsed or recurrent CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Function · participants with neglected CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Foot alignment · participants with neglected CTEV Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |