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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
581 questions in 23 reviews · Implants and prosthodontics
current versionsNo studies 87 · 15%Ungraded 388 · 66.8%Very low 88 · 15.1%Low 10 · 1.7%Moderate 8 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Complications at donor site · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Rickert 2013 (N = 36): no complications at donor site. | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Residual overjet at the end of treatment · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on residual overjet at the end of treatment for the comparison of two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Patient preference · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · 4 to 5 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Felice 2009a: all patients expressed no preference (biased by design). Esposito 2012: five months after loading, 15 patients preferred short implants whereas 5 described both procedures as equally acceptable. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
ITI SLA standard (regular neck) implants vs ITI SLActive implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.26, 98.00] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Resorbable barrier (membrane) to seal the lateral window vs No membrane to seal the lateral window Prosthesis failure · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.63 [0.75, 9.14] | 1 study · 104 participants | Ungraded |
Ankylos Plus (Dentsply) implants vs Seven (Sweden & Martina) implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.03 [-0.29, 0.35] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Osteotomes with mallet (Summers' technique) vs Rotary instruments (Cosci technique) Prosthesis failure · Patients undergoing crestal maxillary sinus lift · 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Checchi 2010 (split-mouth, N = 12): no prosthetic failures in either group. | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Patient acceptability · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Reported narratively in 1 study (Feldmann 2007): limitations in daily life and jaw function were low to moderate throughout the trial with no differences between anchorage groups; impact on mood and appearance peaked… | 1 study · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Southern regular implants vs Southern wide implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.25 [0.15, 72.36] | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Bone gain · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 18 months after augmentation Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.47, 0.27] | 1 study · 39 participants | Ungraded |
Turned (smoother) implant surfaces vs Roughened implant surfaces Early implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · before prosthetic loading, turned vs roughened surfaces Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.79 [0.87, 8.90] | 7 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Astra TiO2-blasted titanium screws vs Branemark turned titanium screws Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.12] | 1 study · 66 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Adverse events · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | This outcome was unreported in all included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Bone graft with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) vs Bone graft without PRP Complications · Patients with insufficient bone below the maxillary sinus requiring dental implants · 2 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Raghoebar 2005: 1 complication in the non-PRP arm, OR 0.27 (0.01 to 8.46), P = 0.46; Torres 2009 (PRP only = 3, no-PRP only = 2), OR 1.49 (0.15 to 15.07), P = 1.00. No statistically significant difference. | 2 studies · 62 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Complications · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.02, 2.08] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
SPI Element sand-blasted acid-etched standard implants vs SPI Element SurfLink-modified implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.27 [-0.01, 0.55] | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Complications (at treated sites) · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · median 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Peto OR 4.77 [1.79, 12.71] | 4 studies · 137 participants | Low |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Mesiodistal movement of the upper first permanent molar · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… · End of anchorage reinforcement / space closure Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | MD -1.68 [-2.27, -1.09] | 7 studies · 308 participants | Moderate |
ITI SLA titanium screws vs Southern blasted/etched titanium screws Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 10 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD -0.02 [-0.18, 0.14] | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Success or failure of the anchorage device · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Reported in 5 studies but not pooled due to variability in the definition of success and incomplete reporting. Success rates: mini-implants 71.43% (10/14) (Basha 2010); Orthosystem mid-palatal implant 91.30% (21/23) vs… | 5 studies | Ungraded |
NobelActive external connection implants vs NobelReplace implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.17, 2.67] | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Branemark Mark IV TiUnite titanium screws vs Southern regular titanium screws Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.20, 1.63] | 1 study · 38 participants | Ungraded |
ITI SLA titanium implants vs SwissPlus (Zimmer) cylindrical implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures at 5 years; risk ratio not estimable (Akoglu 2011) | 1 study | Ungraded |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Implant failure · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 5 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.30 [0.03, 3.15] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Augmentation procedure failure · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | One bilateral augmentation failure occurred in one trial only (Felice 2011). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Astra TiO2-blasted titanium screws vs Branemark turned titanium screws Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD -0.09 [-0.33, 0.15] | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
MegaGen EZ Plus blasted standard implants vs MegaGen EZ Plus calcium-incorporated (Xpeed) implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.04 [-0.13, 0.21] | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Implant failure · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · median 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.44 [0.10, 1.99] | 4 studies · 137 participants | Moderate |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Partial graft loss · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 5 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.09, 4.24] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Success of the anchorage device · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.22] | 1 study · 25 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage lateral sinus lift with monocortical autogenous bone blocks (iliac crest) vs Two-stage lateral sinus lift with autogenous particulate bone (iliac crest) Implant failure · Patients with 2 to 7 mm of residual alveolar bone height in the edentulous maxillary sinus floor · 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.56 [0.42, 5.76] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Branemark Mark III turned titanium implants vs Branemark Mark III TiUnite oxidised implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures (Froberg 2006, Table 1); risk ratio not estimable | 1 study · 15 participants | Ungraded |
Branemark Mark IV turned titanium implants vs Branemark Mark IV TiUnite oxidised implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.82, 7.32] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Branemark Mark IV turned titanium implants vs Branemark Mark IV TiUnite oxidised implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.11 [-0.38, 0.60] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
ITI SLActive titanium grade 4 implants vs ITI SLActive titanium-13zirconium (Roxolid) implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.00 [0.18, 21.66] | 1 study · 178 participants | Ungraded |
Osteotomes with mallet (Summers' technique) vs Rotary instruments (Cosci technique) Patient preference · Patients undergoing crestal maxillary sinus lift · 5 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Five months after loading, 13 of 15 patients preferred the side treated with the Cosci (rotary) technique; binomial test P = 0.007 (significant). Basis for the review's low-quality-evidence statement that patients may… | 1 study · 15 participants | Ungraded |
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Prosthesis failure · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Rickert 2013 (split-mouth, N = 36): no prosthesis failures in either group. | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Implantium microthreads at the coronal top vs Implantium microthreads 0.5 mm below the top Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Song 2009) | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Duration of space closure · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | MD -2.19 [-6.35, 1.97] | 1 study · 25 participants | Ungraded |
NobelActive internal connection implants vs NobelReplace implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.30 [-0.17, 0.77] | 1 study · 97 participants | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Implant failure · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · before loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.00 [0.06, 16.56] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Prosthesis failure · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 5 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.04, 5.69] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Prosthesis failure · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.10, 4.22] | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
Turned (smoother) implant surfaces vs Roughened implant surfaces Peri-implantitis · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 3 years, turned vs roughened surfaces Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.80 [0.67, 0.96] | 4 studies · 144 participants | Low |
NobelReplace Select Tapered implants vs NobelReplace Groovy implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.29 [-0.06, 0.64] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Residual overjet at the end of treatment · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on residual overjet at the end of treatment | 0 studies | No studies |
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Augmentation procedure failure · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Rickert 2013 (N = 36): no augmentation procedure failures. | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage augmentation (implants placed simultaneously) vs Two-stage augmentation (delayed implant placement) Implant failure · Patients requiring maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading (before loading) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.48 [0.34, 35.61] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
NobelActive external connection implants vs NobelReplace implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.41, 0.41] | 1 study · 88 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Patient perception: discomfort · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Reported narratively in 2 studies (Chesterfield 2007, 47 patients; Feldmann 2007, 113 patients) on a VAS 0-100; discomfort most severe the evening after surgery (Nobel-Biocare onplant median 33, IQR 0-96) and after… | 2 studies · 160 participants | Ungraded |