Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

178 questions · 227 findings · 11 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 2 · 0.9%GRADE not reported 220 · 96.9%Very low 4 · 1.8%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 0.4%High 0 · 0%

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Low birthweight · pregnant women

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low birth weight: RR 0.4 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.71), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 0.4 [0.23, 0.71]
3 studies · 507 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Fracture · Older or community-dwelling adults

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures, Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women: RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.09), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women
RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]
10 studies · 25016 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Bone mineral density in forearm · Older or community-dwelling adults

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in forearm, Community-dwelling adults: WMD -0.70 (95% CI -1.70 to 0.40), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Community-dwelling adults
WMD -0.70 [-1.70, 0.40]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 0.70 (95% CI -0.10 to 1.60), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Community-dwelling adults
WMD 0.70 [-0.10, 1.60]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low density lipoprotein: WMD 3.23 (95% CI 0.55 to 5.9), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD 3.23 [0.55, 5.9]
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

CVD · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Cardiovascular disease: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.05), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.05]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · children

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in lumbar spine, Healthy children: SMD 0.15 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.31), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Healthy children
SMD 0.15 [-0.01, 0.31]
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Hip Fracture · Older or community-dwelling adults

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: hip, Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women: RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women
RR 1.15 [0.99, 1.33]
9 studies · 24749 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Birth length · pregnant women

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Birth length: WMD 0.97 (95% CI -0.41 to 2.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD 0.97 [-0.41, 2.34]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Systolic blood pressure · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Systolic blood pressure: WMD -2.39 (95% CI -5.7 to 0.9), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD -2.39 [-5.7, 0.9]
3 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Bone mineral density · children

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density (Whole body / total), Healthy children: SMD 0.1 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.26), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Healthy children · Whole body / total
SMD 0.1 [-0.06, 0.26]
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · children

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Healthy children: SMD 0.06 (95% CI -0.18 to 0.29), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Healthy children
SMD 0.06 [-0.18, 0.29]
4 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Bone mineral density · Older or community-dwelling adults

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density, Community-dwelling adults: WMD -0.9 (95% CI -2.10 to 0.40), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Community-dwelling adults
WMD -0.9 [-2.10, 0.40]
3 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Dental caries · children

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Dental caries: RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.65), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 0.53 [0.43, 0.65]
38 studies · 1513 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Insulin resistance · Adults with diabetes

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Insulin resistance (Diabetes): SMD 0.16 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.42), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
Diabetes
SMD 0.16 [-0.11, 0.42]
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hypercalcaemia: RR 3.80 (95% CI 0.90 to 16.12), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 3.80 [0.90, 16.12]
5 studies · 382 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Subperiosteal erosions · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Subperiosteal erosions: RR 0.41 (95% CI 0.07 to 2.38), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 0.41 [0.07, 2.38]
3 studies · 120 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

All‐cause mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality: RR 1.40 (95% CI 0.38 to 5.15), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 1.40 [0.38, 5.15]
4 studies · 381 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Creatinine clearance · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Creatinine clearance: WMD -1.68 (95% CI -6.92 to 3.56), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD -1.68 [-6.92, 3.56]
4 studies
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Risk of hyperphosphataemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hyperphosphataemia: RR 1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.54), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
RR 1.57 [0.97, 2.54]
2 studies · 59 participants
GRADE not reported