Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

304 questions · 314 findings · 29 reviews · Public Health

No studies found 57 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 22 · 7%Very low 88 · 28%Low 86 · 27.4%Moderate 43 · 13.7%High 18 · 5.7%

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Diarrhoea (three liquid stools in a single day) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Respiratory infections (as measured by trialists) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

All‐cause death (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Infection or inflammation at individual level (as measured by urinary neopterin, C‐reactive protein or alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein variant A) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

It is very uncertain whether iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added changes iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker… compared with wheat flour (no added iron) with the same other micronutrients added (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Diarrhoea (three liquid stools in a single day) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Respiratory infections (as measured by trialists) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

All‐cause death (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Infection or inflammation at individual level as measured by C‐reactive protein (CRP) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

It is very uncertain whether iron‐fortified wheat flour with other micronutrients added changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and… compared with unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Iron‐fortified wheat flour with other micronutrients added probably leads to lower iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker… compared with unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Agricultural education with post‐harvest technologies vs usual agricultural support

Weight‐for‐length/height z‐score at the end of the intervention Weight scale, measurement boards and child growth reference · pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children
1 finding from 1 review