Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

493 questions · 509 findings · 56 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 149 · 29.3%GRADE not reported 9 · 1.8%Very low 128 · 25.1%Low 123 · 24.2%Moderate 79 · 15.5%High 21 · 4.1%

Psychological therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms

Psychological therapy may leads to higher treatment response at end of treatment CGI‐improvement/Global… compared with usual care or waiting list (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs enhanced or structured care

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms

Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with enhanced or structured care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

All‐cause mortality · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes all‐cause mortality compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

All‐cause mortality · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes all‐cause mortality compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Health‐related quality of life · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Mortality due to rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes mortality due to rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Acute hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes acute hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Chronic hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes chronic hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review