Pain (dichotomous) No pain in last 24 hours · people with non‐radicular low back pain
Systemic corticosteroids showed no clear difference in pain (dichotomous) No pain in last 24 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes back‐specific functional status Scale: Oswestry Disability… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall improvement or satisfaction · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Disability · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in pain intensity Scale: VAS (number of responders at 30% reduction of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · adults with chronic low‐back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in back‐specific functional status Scale: Functional Rating Index,… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall improvement or satisfaction · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Disability · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Return to work · Patients with acute low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Return to work · Patients with acute low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes return to work (%) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants experiencing global improvement % of dichotomized Likert scale · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether selective COX‐2 inhibitors changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with non‐selective NSAIDs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review