Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

121 questions · 124 findings · 19 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility

No studies found 40 · 32.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 38 · 30.6%Low 34 · 27.4%Moderate 9 · 7.3%High 3 · 2.4%

Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes

Intranasal beta‐estradiol probably leads to higher adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review