Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

416 questions · 471 findings · 75 reviews

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No studies found 54 · 11.5%GRADE not reported 133 · 28.2%Very low 125 · 26.5%Low 103 · 21.9%Moderate 40 · 8.5%High 16 · 3.4%

Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…

17 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Permanent dentition (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.90 [0.85, 0.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Sensitivity analysis: low risk of bias for index test
Specificity 0.88 [0.82, 0.92]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Dentine-caries (D3) prevalence high >=35% or unreported (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.89 [0.82, 0.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Show 14 more findings

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Setting: in vitro (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.89 [0.84, 0.92]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Proximal surfaces (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.89 [0.84, 0.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Primary dentition (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.87 [0.77, 0.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Occlusal surfaces (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.88 [0.80, 0.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Sensitivity analysis: excluding high/unclear risk of bias reference standard
Specificity 0.87 [0.83, 0.90]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Reference standard: excavation (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.96 [0.80, 0.99]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Dentine-caries (D3) prevalence medium 15-34% (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.87 [0.78, 0.92]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
Specificity 0.88 [0.84, 0.92]
77 studies
Low
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Analogue and digital combined (non-CBCT); 97 datasets
Specificity 0.89 [0.86, 0.92]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Sensitivity analysis: low dentine-caries prevalence <15%
Specificity 0.91 [0.87, 0.94]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Dentine-caries (D3) prevalence low <15% (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.91 [0.85, 0.95]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Setting: in vivo / clinical (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.89 [0.78, 0.95]
17 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Reference standard: enhanced visual (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.91 [0.77, 0.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Reference standard: histology (non-CBCT)
Specificity 0.88 [0.83, 0.92]
64 studies
GRADE not reported

Analogue (conventional) radiographs vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination

2 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Analogue
Specificity 0.91 [0.86, 0.94]
15 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Digital
Specificity 0.88 [0.83, 0.92]
15 studies
GRADE not reported

Analogue (conventional) radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
Specificity 0.90 [0.86, 0.93]
51 studies
GRADE not reported

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…

3 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
Sensitivity 0.60 [0.51, 0.68]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Proximal surfaces (CBCT)
Sensitivity 0.68 [0.42, 0.86]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Occlusal surfaces (CBCT)
Sensitivity 0.76 [0.55, 0.89]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology

2 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Digital
Specificity 0.76 [0.43, 0.93]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · CBCT
Specificity 0.69 [0.35, 0.90]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology

2 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · CBCT
Sensitivity 0.76 [0.65, 0.85]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Digital
Sensitivity 0.69 [0.57, 0.80]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Analogue (conventional) radiographs vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination

2 findings from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Digital
Sensitivity 0.47 [0.36, 0.59]
15 studies
GRADE not reported
Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Analogue
Sensitivity 0.41 [0.30, 0.53]
15 studies
GRADE not reported

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
Sensitivity 0.49 [0.42, 0.56]
40 studies
GRADE not reported

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
Specificity 0.87 [0.82, 0.91]
40 studies
GRADE not reported

Yoga package vs usual care

Leaving the study early Leaving the study early: participants lost to · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 193 participants
Moderate

Early treatment vs expectant management

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39]
6 studies · 500 participants
Moderate

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or transcatheter occlusion · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether early treatment changes proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.65, 1.8]
4 studies · 432 participants
Very low

Early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a hemodynamically significant PDA · preterm infants

Early treatment may leads to higher proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.3 [1.86, 2.83]
2 studies · 232 participants
Low

Early treatment vs expectant management

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.62, 1.29]
4 studies · 339 participants
Moderate

Early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.32, 2.16]
2 studies · 171 participants
Low

Early treatment vs expectant management

NEC ≥ stage II · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; stage 2 or greater) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [0.86, 6.41]
5 studies · 473 participants
Low

Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

2 findings from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Very low
Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Active finger range of motion · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

2 findings from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low
Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Tendon rupture · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen changes adverse event (tendon rupture) compared with early controlled passive exercise regimen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.73 [0.16, 18.2]
1 study · 69 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy

Outcomesa · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found