Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

119 questions · 127 findings · 15 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 23 · 18.1%GRADE not reported 8 · 6.3%Very low 28 · 22%Low 57 · 44.9%Moderate 11 · 8.7%High 0 · 0%

Memantine vs placebo

Irritability · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Memantine for autism spectrum disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 121 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Impaired social interaction · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Social communication impairment · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Stereotyped patterns of behaviour and interests · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Total adverse events · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

D‐cycloserine showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.94, 1.31]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Non‐core symptoms of ASD · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

D‐cycloserine showed no clear difference in non‐core symptoms of ASD compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.49, 1.93]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

D‐cycloserine vs placebo

Tolerability · children aged 5 to 11 years with ASD

D‐cycloserine showed no clear difference in tolerability compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.68]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Inattention Measured using SNAP‐IV inattention subscale (range 0 to 27) · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 51 participants
Low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impulsivity · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Hyperactivity · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 73 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impaired social interaction · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Very low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 63 participants
Very low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impaired communication · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Stereotypical behaviours · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 69 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Overall ASD · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 36 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Total number of adverse events · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 79 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Irritability subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Hyperactivity subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Stereotypy subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Weight gain 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sedation 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 313 participants
Moderate