Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,782 questions · 1,852 findings · 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 557 · 30.1%GRADE not reported 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Intervention not reported

Instrumental vaginal birth · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Neonatal mortality · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Neonatal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section ‐ overall · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ overall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Spontaneous vaginal birth · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention may leads to higher spontaneous vaginal birth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.25 [1.16, 4.36]
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section ‐ low risk group · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ low risk group (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Elective repeat caesarean section · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in elective repeat caesarean section (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Major maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in major maternal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.03
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Minor maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in minor maternal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.3
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Major neonatal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in major neonatal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Minor neonatal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in minor neonatal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Intrapartum and neonatal deaths · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in intrapartum and neonatal deaths (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – unscheduled · nurses, midwives, physicians

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality or morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.29 [0.99, 1.67]
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Instrumental vaginal birth · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Neonatal mortality or morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found