Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,155 questions · 1,191 findings · 195 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 209 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 51 · 4.3%Very low 256 · 21.5%Low 273 · 22.9%Moderate 284 · 23.8%High 118 · 9.9%

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Relief of pain · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

Dietary supplements may leads to higher zataria versus placebo Pain relief compared with placebo (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Ginger versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes ginger versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment 'success' as defined by IGA score decrease5 · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

MAL‐PDT probably leads to higher investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment… compared with red light only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    RR 1.74 [1.11, 2.74]
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Participant's global assessment of improvement Non‐standardised scale5 · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

ALA‐PDT showed no clear difference in participant's global assessment of improvement Non‐standardised scale5 compared with blue light only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Investigator‐assessed change in inflamed lesions (ILs) Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    1 study · 266 participants
    Very low

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Investigator‐assessed percentage change in ILs Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    1 study · 266 participants
    Very low

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Investigator‐assessed severe adverse effects Application site blister · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    1 study · 266 participants
    Very low

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment 'success' as defined by IGA score decrease5 · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

ALA‐PDT showed no clear difference in investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment… compared with blue light only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Paticipant's global assessment of improvement ‐ Not measured · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed change in inflamed lesions (ILs) Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed change in non‐inflamed lesions (NILs) Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed percentage change in ILs Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed percentage change in NILs Lesion counts · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed severe adverse effects Application site blister · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate