Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,954 questions · 2,335 findings · 149 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 436 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 1,370 · 58.7%Very low 254 · 10.9%Low 173 · 7.4%Moderate 80 · 3.4%High 22 · 0.9%

Higher dental caries experience vs Caries-free controls

Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years

Higher dental caries experience was associated with substantially higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.43-1.88; 6 studies; high heterogeneity I2=83.5%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Fissure sealant (resin-based or glass ionomer)

Caries incidence of occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars · Generally healthy children aged 6 to 9 years with at least one fully erupted first permanent molar with deep fissures or early enamel…

After excluding Bravo 1996, occlusal caries incidence slightly favored fluoride varnish but was not significant, with heterogeneity falling to 0% (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16; 3 RCTs; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Cost (patient perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in cost (patient perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

Dental caries: dmfs increment (primary teeth) · Regular-attending primary-care dental patients aged 3, 16 or 18 years at entry (aged up to 20; low caries risk)

It is very uncertain whether clinical examination with 24-month recall changes dental caries: dmfs increment (primary teeth) compared with clinical examination with 12-month recall (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall probably leads to higher periodontal disease: probing pocket depth (mm) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Patient satisfaction with actual care received (1-7 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall led to higher patient satisfaction with actual care received (1-7 scale) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

Time taken to apply pit and fissure sealant or fluoride varnish · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)
1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

Oral health-related quality of life · Regular-attending primary-care dental patients aged 3, 16 or 18 years at entry (aged up to 20; low caries risk)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

Changes in decayed, missing and filled (DMF) figures at whole-mouth level · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)
1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: probing pocket depth (mm) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant (visible-light-polymerized) vs Fluoride varnish

Incidence of dentinal carious lesion on treated occlusal surfaces of molars or premolars (yes/no) · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

It is very uncertain whether resin-based fissure sealant (visible-light-polymerized) changes incidence of dentinal carious lesion on treated occlusal surfaces of… compared with fluoride varnish (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Fissure sealant (resin-based or glass ionomer)

Increment of occlusal DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) of FPMs · Generally healthy children aged 6 to 9 years with at least one fully erupted first permanent molar with deep fissures or early enamel…

Fluoride varnish and fissure sealant did not differ significantly in occlusal DMFS increment of FPMs (MD 0.13, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.34; 3 RCTs; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant plus oral health education vs Fluoride varnish plus oral health education

Change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant plus oral health… showed no clear difference in change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars compared with fluoride varnish plus oral health education; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Change in DMFT (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) increment · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-based fissure sealant led to lower change in DMFT (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) increment compared with fluoride varnish; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health-related quality of life · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Dental caries · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in dental caries: number of tooth surfaces with any caries (ICDAS 1-6) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review