Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in pain intensity Scale: VAS (number of responders at 30% reduction of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity none of the studies reported on this outcome · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Hypotension · women in the 3rd stage of labour undergoing a vaginal birth.
Intravenous showed no clear difference in hypotension compared with intramuscular oxytocin (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations
The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit · adults with cardiogenic shock
It is very uncertain whether dopamine‐milrinone changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit compared with dopamine‐dobutamine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Physical health: pain intensity (VAS post‐treatment scores) · adults and children with hemophilia
1 finding from 1 review
Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Complete recovery: no leg cramps after treatment · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intensity of pain during treatment: mean total scale points The degree of pain was noted in the form, on a scale from 0 to 4 measured over 4 days and nights (0 = no pain, 1 = light pain, 2 = medium pain, 3=strong pain, 4=extreme pain) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
At least 50% reduction in pain · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes intensity of pain: 50% reduction in pain score 100‐mm visual… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review