Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,890 questions · 3,917 findings · 272 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 429 · 11%GRADE not reported 2,657 · 67.8%Very low 512 · 13.1%Low 219 · 5.6%Moderate 80 · 2%High 20 · 0.5%

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration

The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Low
RR 0.75 [0.64, 0.87]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Asia
RR 1.69 [1.12, 2.55]
11 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration

The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Low
RR 1.12 [0.68, 1.86]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Replacement of the defective restoration vs Repair of the defective restoration

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…

For a defective amalgam restoration with secondary caries, surveyed dentists most often preferred replacement over repair (pooled RR 6.94; p < 0.001); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Overall (all 21 countries pooled)
RR 6.94 [5.53, 8.71]
21 studies · 3680 participants
GRADE not reported

Breastfeeding for 12-24 months vs Not breastfed at the same age

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)

Breastfeeding for 12-24 months is associated with higher ECC prevalence (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of Early Childhood Dental Caries Associated With Prolonged Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomes
12-24 months
PR 3.32 [1.57, 5.07]
2 studies
Low

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Not covering
RR 2.53 [1.70, 3.78]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion

The intervention showed no clear difference in amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Europe
RR 1.28 [0.91, 1.81]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Very high
RR 1.82 [1.34, 2.46]
10 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Asia
RR 8.67 [5.32, 14.13]
11 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment
RR 2.28 [1.69, 3.08]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: High
RR 6.16 [5.32, 7.14]
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Europe
RR 6.88 [4.77, 9.92]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: South America
RR 1.44 [0.71, 2.91]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention showed no clear difference in amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: South America
RR 2.12 [0.66, 6.82]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Lactobacillus-derived postbiotics vs Not specified

Virulence-gene expression related to adhesion acid production and exopolysaccharide synthesis · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro

No meta-analysis was conducted; the narrative synthesis reported reduced expression of Streptococcus mutans virulence genes.

1 finding from 1 review

Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomes
24 h to 7 days · laboratory setting
no estimate extracted
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: High
RR 0.39 [0.26, 0.58]
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration

The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Medium
RR 0.29 [0.07, 1.21]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention showed no clear difference in amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Medium
RR 0.88 [0.14, 5.56]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Inhibition of S. sobrinus growth and biofilm formation (incl. ftf/gtfB/gtfC expression)

1 finding from 1 review

Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomes
In vitro
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: South America
RR 7.62 [5.59, 10.38]
2 studies
GRADE not reported