Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,536 questions · 2,637 findings · 315 reviews

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No studies found 608 · 23.1%GRADE not reported 488 · 18.5%Very low 688 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.5%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Quality of life ‐ not measured · bullous pemphigoid

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Adverse events · bullous pemphigoid

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Tranexamic acid (AMCA cones) vs Placebo (lactose cones)

Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)

Tranexamic acid (AMCA cones) showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with placebo (lactose cones); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up: median 7 days
RR 0.67 [0.30, 1.48]
1 study · 120 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

Pain / clinical response (not analysable) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Hegarty 2002: cross-over data not suitable for quantitative analysis
1 study
GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

Secondary outcome: Dermatology Quality of Life measure · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No statistical testing of the Oral Health Quality of Life index (OHQoL16) was reported in Hegarty 2002 (fluticasone mean score 0.7 versus betamethasone mean score -0.8).
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

Pain reduction (VAS 0-100) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
In the Hegarty 2002 cross-over trial (n=22), no statistical testing of the pain score (VAS 0 to 100) was reported; it is not clear whether the difference is statistically significant (fluticasone mean score 19.8 versus…
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

Reduction in target/mean lesion size · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No statistical testing of the mean surface area of lesions was reported in Hegarty 2002 (fluticasone mean score 547.2 mm2 versus betamethasone mean score 671.9 mm2).
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

Side effects · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
Table 3 (Side-effects). Hegarty 2002: nausea (4), swollen mouth (1), bad taste and smell (6), difficulty in spray application (7), dry mouth (2), sore throat (1), red painful tongue (1), and pseudomembranous…
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Systemic (oral) betamethasone vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide paste

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether systemic (oral) betamethasone changes clinical score compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide paste (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.13 [0.09, 2.17]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Systemic (oral) betamethasone vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide paste

Pain resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether systemic (oral) betamethasone changes pain resolution compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide paste (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.04 [0.60, 1.80]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Mucoadhesive prednisolone tablet vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide paste

Clinical response (not analysable) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Ghabanchi 2009: data not suitable for quantitative analysis
1 study
GRADE not reported

Smartphone app vs lower‐intensity support

Abstinence · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether smartphone app changes long‐term abstinence (all randomised) compared with lower‐intensity support (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone text messaging and app‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.66, 1.52]
5 studies · 3079 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Number with complete remission: complete remission in initial steroid resistance · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed steroid resistance · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed… compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.33, 3.94]
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in all patients compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.22, 3.94]
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: bronchospasm/treatment discontinued · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: bronchospasm/treatment discontinued compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [0.12, 64.39]
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: hypotension · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: hypotension compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [0.12, 64.39]
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: skin rash compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.59 [0.37, 117.77]
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Adverse events: mild dyspnoea · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes adverse events: mild dyspnoea compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.71 [0.24, 90.69]
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg)

Observed number of pregnancies (all women) · women seeking emergency contraception

Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) leads to lower observed number of pregnancies (all women) compared with low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97]
25 studies · 11914 participants
High