What do systematic reviews say?

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 223 participants
  High

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs placebo

Uric acid‐lowering drug showed no clear difference in adverse events (withdrawals due to side effects) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.86 [0.43, 8.1]
  3 studies · 241 participants
  Low

Low frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

It is very uncertain whether low frequency ultrasound changes proportion of ulcers completely healed at 8 to 12 weeks compared with no ultrasound (very low certainty).

• Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.91 [0.47, 32.85]
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

Low frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 835 participants
  High

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 791 participants
  High

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 414 participants
  Low

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 746 participants
  Low

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

Low GDP (all buffer types) showed no clear difference in peritonitis rate (episodes/total patient‐months) (up to 24 months) compared with standard glucose dialysate (low certainty).

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.84, 1.64]
  10 studies · 18184 participants
  Low

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

Low GDP (all buffer types) showed no clear difference in technique failure (death‐censored) ( compared with standard glucose dialysate (low certainty).

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.75, 1.63]
  15 studies · 1275 participants
  Low

Low GDP (all buffer types) vs standard glucose dialysate

Low GDP (all buffer types) showed no clear difference in death (all causes) ( compared with standard glucose dialysate (low certainty).

• Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.47, 1.14]
  1229 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel… compared with higher dose (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.21 [0.03, 1.41]
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

It is very uncertain whether methylnaltrexone lower dose changes laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel… compared with higher dose (very low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.91 [0.82, 10.39]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in laxation response: patient assessment of change in bowel statusgat… compared with higher dose (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.71, 1.35]
  1 study · 102 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term compared with higher dose (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 102 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher dose (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [1, 1]
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether slow shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with rapid shock wave lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.25 [1.16, 4.36]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low