What do systematic reviews say?

CMC/sorbitol pre-moistened swabs vs Lemon glycerin swabs

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Patient preference favoured CMC/sorbitol (Chi2 10.89, df=1; P = 0.001).
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs medication

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY showed no clear difference in committed suicide by three years compared with MEDICATION (low certainty).

• Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.05, 5.56]
  1 study · 94 participants
  Low

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs medication

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY may leads to higher global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) compared with MEDICATION (low certainty).

• Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.35 [2.03, 34.3]
  1 study · 94 participants
  Low

Antiviral prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Antiviral prophylaxis leads to lower CMV disease: all symptomatic CMV disease compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.34, 0.52]
  19 studies · 1981 participants
  High

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in death due to CMV disease compared with aciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.07, 1.58]
  6 studies · 832 participants
  Moderate

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in all‐cause death compared with aciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.82, 1.58]
  8 studies · 1138 participants
  Moderate

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in acute rejection compared with aciclovir (high certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.87, 1.1]
  6 studies · 1009 participants
  High

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in graft loss compared with aciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.27, 1.13]
  3 studies · 268 participants
  Moderate

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in opportunistic infections: other viral infections compared with aciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.32, 2.01]
  4 studies · 740 participants
  Moderate

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir may leads to higher leucopenia compared with aciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.28 [1.48, 7.25]
  6 studies · 955 participants
  Low

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir showed no clear difference in kidney dysfunction compared with aciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.1]
  4 studies · 661 participants
  Moderate

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in CMV disease compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.17, 1.74]
  4 studies · 331 participants
  Low

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in all‐cause death compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.97 [0.31, 12.37]
  3 studies · 273 participants
  Low

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.31 [0.91, 1.9]
  4 studies · 331 participants
  Low

Antiviral prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Antiviral prophylaxis probably leads to lower death due to CMV disease compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.26 [0.08, 0.78]
  7 studies · 1300 participants
  Moderate

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

It is very uncertain whether valaciclovir changes acute rejection compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (very low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.22, 3.73]
  3 studies · 271 participants
  Very low

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in graft loss compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.18, 2.02]
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in leucopenia compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.45, 1.24]
  2 studies · 188 participants
  Moderate

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 271 participants
  Moderate

Extended vs short‐duration valganciclovir

Extended probably leads to lower CMV disease compared with short‐duration valganciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.12, 0.35]
  2 studies · 454 participants
  Moderate