Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,462 questions · 1,520 findings · 156 reviews

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No studies found 364 · 23.9%GRADE not reported 108 · 7.1%Very low 455 · 29.9%Low 374 · 24.6%Moderate 193 · 12.7%High 26 · 1.7%

Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment and training vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement

Severity of new pressure ulcers Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · individuals at risk of pressure ulcer development

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Quality of life measurements · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Adverse effects · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 12 months of… compared with urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.36 [0.65, 8.53]
3 studies · 91 participants
Very low

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Perception of improvement or cure · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Disease‐specific quality of life · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 269 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Adherence · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

QoL · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 205 participants
Very low

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 205 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Maximum number of weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive… compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [0.43, 8.94]
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes alcohol abstinence compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.38 [0.1, 55.06]
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes retention ‐ end of treatment compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.62, 1.29]
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Knowledge: kidney disease‐related knowledge · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 2185 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Self‐care behaviour · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 913 participants
Low