Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Additional support vs usual care

Caesarean section · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)

Additional support probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.83, 0.97]
15 studies · 9550 participants
Moderate

Additional support vs usual care

Number of antenatal hospital admissions · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)

Additional support probably leads to lower antenatal hospital admissions Number of admissions per woman compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.91]
4 studies · 787 participants
Moderate
Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1525 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Development of pyelonephritis · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Antibiotics may leads to lower development of pyelonephritis compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.24 [0.13, 0.41]
12 studies · 2017 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Low birthweight · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Antibiotics may leads to lower birthweight < 2500 g compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.45, 0.93]
6 studies · 1437 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping probably leads to lower death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.54, 0.98]
20 studies · 2680 participants
Moderate

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.29, 2.45]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.64, 1.26]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.32, 2.31]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.66, 1.37]
1 study · 249 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.93, 4.93]
3 studies · 322 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years compared with UCM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.67 [0.78, 3.57]
2 studies · 195 participants
Very low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.63 [0.11, 61.88]
1 study · 58 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with UCM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.55, 3.17]
2 studies · 125 participants
Very low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in early years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.43, 5.48]
2 studies · 125 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

UCM vs ECC

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.47, 1.41]
9 studies · 931 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported