Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

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No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · patients with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Home care by outreach nursing for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 587 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cystitis (lower UTI) · Patients with covert bacteriuria in children

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cystitis (lower UTI) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for covert bacteriuria in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.01 [0.78, 5.19]
2 studies · 266 participants
Very low

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Dyspnoea during treadmill walking Borg scale at isotime during constant work rate treadmill test Scale ranges from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Change in dyspnoea score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Health‐related quality of life Dyspnoea domain of Hiratsuka scale Scores range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Low

CBT vs control

Gambling symptom severity · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 402 participants
Very low

Integrative therapy vs control

Gambling symptom severity · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 137 participants
Very low

Integrative therapy vs control

Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 137 participants
Very low

Integrative therapy vs control

Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

CBT vs control

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 505 participants
Low

CBT vs control

Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced severity of gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 505 participants
Low

CBT vs control

Diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced rates of pathological gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

CBT may leads to lower diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.05, 0.31]
2 studies · 81 participants
Low

CBT vs control

Depression symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced depression symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 276 participants
Low

CBT vs control

Anxiety · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 276 participants
Low

MI therapy vs control

Gambling symptom severity · patients with pathological and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 163 participants
Very low