Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,615 questions · 1,673 findings · 190 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 278 · 16.6%GRADE not reported 85 · 5.1%Very low 328 · 19.6%Low 460 · 27.5%Moderate 402 · 24%High 120 · 7.2%

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy

Incidence of TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent another stroke

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes incidence of TIA compared with hydroxyurea and phlebotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy

Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent another stroke

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related… compared with hydroxyurea and phlebotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy

Measures of neurological impairment ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent another stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion

Adverse events associated with transfusion · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell transfusions

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes adverse events associated with transfusion compared with no transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion

TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell transfusions

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes TIA compared with no transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion

Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell transfusions

Long‐term red cell transfusion may leads to lower serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related… compared with no transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion

Stroke · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent a stroke

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes clinical stroke compared with no transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion

All‐cause mortality · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent a stroke

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes all‐cause mortality compared with no transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality Median · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Median (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Diabetes‐related mortality Assessed according to whether diabetes was included anywhere on the death certificate · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The intervention showed no clear difference in diabetes‐related mortality Assessed according to whether diabetes… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Diabetes‐related morbidity · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of type 2 diabetes · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Socioeconomic effects · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

H. pylori eradication therapy vs control

Incidence of gastric cancer ‐ modified ITT analysis Histological examination · healthy asymptomatic H. pylori‐infected individuals

H. pylori eradication therapy probably leads to lower incidence of gastric cancer ‐ modified ITT analysisHistological… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review