What do systematic reviews say?

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors showed no clear difference in overall survival: second/third‐line trials ( compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.06 [0.7, 1.61]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Low

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors showed no clear difference in objective response rate: first‐line trial compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.75, 1.17]
  1 study · 231 participants
  Low

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors showed no clear difference in objective response rate: second/third‐line trials compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.22 [0.01, 4.4]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Low

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.98 [0.91, 1.46]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Moderate
• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15]
  2 studies · 1607 participants
  Moderate

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower neutropenia compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]
  4 studies · 1857 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower febrile neutropenia compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.12 [0.06, 0.23]
  3 studies · 1768 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.19 [0.86, 1.65]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Moderate
• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.04 [0.92, 1.17]
  2 studies · 1607 participants
  Moderate

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to higher skin rash compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.4 [1.08, 5.31]
  4 studies · 1858 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower constipation compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.17, 0.97]
  3 studies · 1719 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib probably leads to lower fatigue compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0.03, 0.88]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Moderate

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower asthenia compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.35, 0.75]
  3 studies · 1773 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower neurotoxicity compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.34]
  2 studies · 1529 participants
  High

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vs observation

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with observation alone (low certainty).

• Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.81, 1.2]
  1 study · 835 participants
  Low

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vs observation

It is very uncertain whether EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) changes progression‐free survival compared with observation alone (very low certainty).

• Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.9, 1.23]
  1 study · 835 participants
  Very low

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vs observation

• Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 835 participants
  Very low

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.42 [0.37, 0.48]
  418 participants
  High

BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

BRAF inhibitors leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57]
  925 participants
  High

BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

BRAF inhibitors leads to lower progression‐free survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.27 [0.21, 0.34]
  925 participants
  High

BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

BRAF inhibitors leads to higher tumour response compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.78 [4.84, 9.49]
  925 participants
  High

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies probably leads to lower progression‐free survival† compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.49 [0.39, 0.61]
  957 participants
  Moderate