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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Virus vaccines vs placebo Incidence of the common cold Number of participants with common cold by group · young, healthy men in a military facility Vaccines for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.45, 2.02] | 1 study · 2307 participants | Very low |
Virus vaccines vs placebo Vaccine safety · young, healthy men in a military facility Vaccines for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 2307 participants | Very low |
Virus vaccines vs placebo Mortality: vaccine related and all cause ‐ not reported · young, healthy men in a military facility Vaccines for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent PaO2 · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Blood gases (PaCO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Lung function (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Oxygenation index (FiO2% X MPAW/PaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Potential adverse outcomes (episodes of apnoea) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Oxygen saturation (SaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent PaO 2 · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Blood gases (PCO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Lung function (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Oxygen saturation (SaO2) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Oxygenation index (FiO2% X MPAW/PaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung independent Potential adverse outcomes (episodes of apnoea) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Oxygen saturation (SaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning PaO 2 (cross‐over trial) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Blood gases (PaCO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Lung function (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Oxygenation index (FiO2% X MPAW/PaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Good‐lung independent vs good‐lung dependent positioning Potential adverse outcomes (episodes of apnoea) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Blood gases (PO2) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine PaCO2 · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Lung function (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Oxygenation index (FiO2% X MPAW/PaO2) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Prone vs supine Potential adverse outcomes (extubation) · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.13, 2.54] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Supine vs good‐lung dependent Oxygen saturation (SaO2) ‐ not reported · acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (ARDs) Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.2, 0.48] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Moderate |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [1.18, 2.23] | 6 studies · 1797 participants | High |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, and other central nervous system adverse effects · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [0.76, 2.37] | 5 studies · 1644 participants | Moderate |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.43 [0.53, 3.83] | 3 studies · 764 participants | Low |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: gastrointestinal · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.97, 3.01] | 5 studies · 1644 participants | High |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: dizziness, lightheadedness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.86 [1.02, 8.01] | 4 studies · 1287 participants | High |
Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Global evaluation: after 3 days of treatment (included children 2 to 12 years old only) · otherwise healthy adults or children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.09, 1.31] | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Global evaluation: after 5 days of treatment (included children 2 to 12 years old only) · otherwise healthy adults or children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.49, 2.77] | 1 study · 83 participants | Low |
Antihistamine‐analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Global evaluation: on the morning after evening dosing (included adults only) · otherwise healthy adults or children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.33, 0.67] | 2 studies · 548 participants | Low |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: all · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.58 [0.78, 3.21] | 7 studies · 842 participants | Moderate |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.38 [0.63, 3] | 5 studies · 692 participants | Low |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: dry mouth · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 3.75 [1.74, 8.1] | 4 studies · 640 participants | High |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: insomnia · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.89 [0.88, 9.56] | 2 studies · 344 participants | Moderate |
Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo Adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.81 [0.64, 12.33] | 2 studies · 296 participants | Moderate |
Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.23, 0.46] | 1 study · 582 participants | Moderate |
Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [0.48, 5.59] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Low |
Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo Global evaluation · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.15, 0.52] | 1 study · 181 participants | Moderate |
Homeopathic medicinal products (individualised treatment) vs placebo or usual care Disease severity · children aged up to 16 years with ARTIs Homeopathic medicinal products for preventing and treating acute respiratory tract infections in children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 369 participants | Low |
Homeopathic medicinal products (non‐individualised treatment) vs placebo or usual care Adverse events · children aged up to 16 years with ARTIs Homeopathic medicinal products for preventing and treating acute respiratory tract infections in children (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.26 [0.03, 2.43] | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |