Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,126 questions · 1,225 findings · 111 reviews

No studies found 235 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 260 · 21.2%Very low 207 · 16.9%Low 271 · 22.1%Moderate 177 · 14.4%High 75 · 6.1%

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists may leads to higher bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Bleeding ‐ clinically indicated non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop supplementation · pregnant women

Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

Maternal vitamin D concentration at term (25‐hydroxyvitamin D) (nmol/L) (ALL) · pregnant women

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Maternal vitamin D concentrations at term: WMD 47.08 (95% CI 23.76 to 70.39), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause mortality · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes all‐cause mortality compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Symptomatic DVT · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Pulmonary embolism · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes pulmonary embolism compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Major bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review