Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

115 questions · 143 findings · 11 reviews · Periodontology

No studies found 31 · 21.7%GRADE not reported 59 · 41.3%Very low 34 · 23.8%Low 12 · 8.4%Moderate 3 · 2.1%High 4 · 2.8%

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All‐cause death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all-cause death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse

Lactobacillus count (CFU/mL) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced Lactobacillus counts more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse

Streptococcus mutans count · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced Streptococcus mutans counts more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse

Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced plaque more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); certainty not GRADE-rated (Shekelle grade Ia).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… led to lower clinical attachment level compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes low birth weight < 2500 g compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Supragingival calculus formation (various calculus indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… showed no clear difference in supragingival calculus formation (various calculus indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Mean birth weight · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination
1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Gingivitis · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… leads to lower gingivitis (gingival inflammation) measured by Gingival Index of Loe… compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral… (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Pre‐eclampsia · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Perinatal mortality · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes perinatal mortality (including fetal and neonatal deaths up to the… compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… led to lower gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Low birth weight < 1500 g · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes low birth weight < 1500 g compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… led to lower bleeding on probing compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Plaque · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… leads to lower dental plaque (various plaque indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral… (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Maternal death · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Gingival index (GI) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… showed no clear difference in gingival index compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review