Risk of requiring dialysis · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of requiring dialysis: RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.62), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Colorectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Colorectal cancer: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.84), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Parathyroid hormone · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroid hormone: WMD -49.34 (95% CI -85.70 to -12.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all cause) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality (all cause) (Vitamin D2, general population): RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.11), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
2 findings from 1 review
Performance measures: balance sway · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Performance measures: balance sway, Older adults: SMD -0.20 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.01), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.20 [-0.39, -0.01]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Performance measures: lower extremity strength · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Performance measures: lower extremity strength, Older adults: SMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.20), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.05 [-0.11, 0.20]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
CVD · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cardiovascular disease: RR 0.66 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.77), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Depression · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Depression (Cohort studies): HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.72), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
2 findings from 1 review
Vascular calcification · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Vascular calcification: RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.45 to 2.67), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality: RR 1.34 (95% CI 0.34 to 5.24), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Serum fasting triglyceride (TG, mmol/L) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Triglycerides: WMD -1.92 (95% CI -7.72 to 3.88), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -1.92 [-7.72, 3.88]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Breast cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Breast cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.44), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Ischaemic stroke · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic stroke (Hazard ratio (cohort studies)): HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
2 findings from 1 review
High density lipoprotein · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for High density lipoprotein: WMD -0.14 (95% CI -0.99 to 0.71), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.14 [-0.99, 0.71]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Colon cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colon cancer: OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.35), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.88 [0.57, 1.35]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Falls · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Falls, Older adults: OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.11), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.97 [0.84, 1.11]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
RAR 0.55 [0.19, 1.64]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
RAR 1.14 [1.03, 1.27]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Head circumference at birth: WMD 0.43 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.79), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.43 [0.06, 0.79]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Low birthweight · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low birth weight: RR 0.4 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.71), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Alkaline phosphatase · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -27.35 (95% CI -50.69 to -4.01), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review