What do systematic reviews say?

Pain. WOMAC normalised to 0‐20 pain scale based on largest study reporting the 0‐20 scale (Hurley 2007). Lower score indicated less pain. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

Physical function. WOMAC function scales normalised to 0‐100. Lower score indicated improved physical function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

Depression. Depression scores were transformed to the HADS depression scale with score range of 0‐21. Lower score indicated less depression. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

Anxiety. HADS scale of 0‐21. Lower score indicated lower anxiety levels. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

Symptom severity (modified WOMAC total) (range 0‐1,600, with lower scores indicating decrease in symptom severity) · patients with hip osteoarthritis

Activity limitations 100‐point Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (lower score reflects better outcome) · people with non‐neurological conditions1

Pain 10‐point VAS (lower score reflects better outcome) · people with neurological conditions1

Pain 10‐point VAS (lower score reflects better outcome) · people with non‐neurological conditions1

Stiffness · patients with fibromyalgia

Pain on a 0 to 100 scale. Various pain scales. (lower score is better)

Disability on a 0 to 100 scale. Various disability scales (lower score is better)

Composite Measure of Pain, Function and Disability as · patients with osteoarthritis

Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 mm (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis

Total active flexion at three months Major outcome group 5 (adverse effects) Total active flexion (TAF) of MCPJ, PIPJ and DIPJ; lower value indicates loss of flexion and a worse outcome · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis 2013;…

Fatigue (lower scores mean less fatigue) · Patients with fibromyalgia

Sleep problems (lower scores mean less sleep problems) · Patients with fibromyalgia

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · Patients with fibromyalgia

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · hip replacement