What do systematic reviews say?

Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection

• Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 503 participants
  Very low

Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection

• Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 84 participants
  Low

Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection

• Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 140 participants
  Low

Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection

Slow may leads to lower bruise incidence ‐ 48 hours after injection compared with fast subcutaneous heparin injection (low certainty).

• Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.39 [0.26, 0.6]
  3 studies · 444 participants
  Low
• Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.25 [0.1, 0.65]
  2 studies · 84 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25]
  13 studies · 3894 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in total graft loss (with death) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
  11 studies · 3476 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [1.1, 1.43]
  11 studies · 3731 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.63, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3099 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in all malignancy compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.32]
  10 studies · 3175 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in number needing to change treatment compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.05]
  10 studies · 3652 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower diabetes compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93]
  6 studies · 2125 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.73]
  7 studies · 2792 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in acne/rash compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21]
  6 studies · 2958 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1863 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower hypercholesterolaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  9 studies · 3250 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower anaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91]
  10 studies · 3179 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower thrombocytopenia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.44, 0.75]
  9 studies · 2242 participants
  Low

High cell dose vs low cell dose

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Autologous cells derived from different sources and administered using different regimens for 'no‐option' critical… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High cell dose vs low cell dose

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Autologous cells derived from different sources and administered using different regimens for 'no‐option' critical… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low‐cavity forceps vs any vacuum cup

• Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 118 participants
  GRADE not reported