Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

218 questions · 245 findings · 8 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 127 · 51.8%GRADE not reported 10 · 4.1%Very low 62 · 25.3%Low 33 · 13.5%Moderate 12 · 4.9%High 1 · 0.4%

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus control alarm · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus… compared with other types of alarm (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with desmopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm probably leads to lower proportion of children with adverse events compared with desmopressin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with tricyclics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children dry at compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Alarm plus other intervention vs other interventions

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm plus other intervention changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other intervention (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Alarm plus other intervention vs other interventions

Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm plus other intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of children dry at compared with other intervention (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review