Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

259 questions · 272 findings · 23 reviews

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No studies found 68 · 25%GRADE not reported 10 · 3.7%Very low 79 · 29%Low 57 · 21%Moderate 42 · 15.4%High 16 · 5.9%

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Conversion to open surgery · adults undergoing inguinal and femoral hernia repair

1 finding from 1 review

Mesh versus non‐mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1680 participants
Low

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Short‐term NACE · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial probably leads to lower short‐term NACE compared with transfemoral approach (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.61, 0.94]
4 studies · 17133 participants
Moderate

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Short‐term cardiac death · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial probably leads to lower short‐term cardiac death compared with transfemoral approach (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.54, 0.88]
11 studies · 11170 participants
Moderate

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Short‐term MI · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial showed no clear difference in short‐term MI compared with transfemoral approach (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.81, 1.02]
11 studies · 19430 participants
High

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Success of the procedure · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial probably leads to lower success of the procedure compared with transfemoral approach (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.96, 0.98]
28 studies · 25920 participants
Moderate

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Short‐term all‐cause mortality · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial leads to lower short‐term all‐cause mortality compared with transfemoral approach (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.62, 0.95]
10 studies · 18955 participants
High

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Bleeding · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial may leads to lower bleeding compared with transfemoral approach (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.74]
20 studies · 23043 participants
Low

Transradial vs transfemoral approach

Access site complications · people with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention

Transradial may leads to lower access site complications compared with transfemoral approach (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.22, 0.59]
24 studies · 16112 participants
Low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 118 participants
Very low

NMES vs exercise

Adverse events · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.37
2 studies · 70 participants
Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs exercise

Knee pain (longer term: > 3 months) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (longer term: > 3 months) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

All‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring · patients with proximal femoral fracture

It is very uncertain whether advanced haemodynamic monitoring changes all‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring compared with protocol using standard measures such (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.41 [0.14, 1.2]
3 studies · 280 participants
Very low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

Length of hospital stay · patients with proximal femoral fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 203 participants
Low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

Medically fit for discharge · patients with proximal femoral fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Low