Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
It is very uncertain whether flossing plus toothbrushing changes gingivitis (proportion of bleeding sites) compared with toothbrushing alone (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
It is very uncertain whether wooden cleaning stick plus toothbrushing changes plaque compared with flossing plus toothbrushing (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
Oral irrigation plus toothbrushing showed no clear difference in plaque compared with toothbrushing alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Three studies reported that there were no adverse events, one reported one incidence of aphthous ulcer in irrigator group, one reported oral lacerations but found no difference between the interventions, and one did…
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
It is very uncertain whether flossing plus toothbrushing changes plaque compared with toothbrushing alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Gingivitis · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
It is very uncertain whether rubber/elastomeric cleaning stick plus toothbrushing changes plaque compared with toothbrushing alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
It is very uncertain whether oral irrigation plus toothbrushing changes plaque compared with flossing plus toothbrushing (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (probing pocket depth) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
It is very uncertain whether flossing plus toothbrushing (self-performed; manual or automated… changes plaque (Turesky-modified Quigley-Hein/other plaque indices; SMD) compared with toothbrushing alone (with or without a negative-control/placebo rinse) (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
SMD -0.23 [-0.52, 0.06]
5 studies · 416 participants
Very low
SMD -0.06 [-0.23, 0.12]
3 studies · 487 participants
GRADE not reported
SMD -0.20 [-0.36, -0.04]
5 studies · 594 participants
GRADE not reported
Side effects · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
1 finding from 1 review
Not estimable (5 studies). Adverse effects were assessed in five studies, but they used different outcome measures, so meta-analysis was not appropriate. The main harm identified was soft-tissue trauma to the gingival…
5 studies
GRADE not reported