Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

77 questions · 77 findings · 3 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 32 · 41.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 3.9%Very low 15 · 19.5%Low 16 · 20.8%Moderate 8 · 10.4%High 3 · 3.9%

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment

Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy

Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback probably leads to lower number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months compared with no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment

Number of incontinent men ‐ within 3 to 6 months · All men after TURP

It is very uncertain whether prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback changes number of incontinent men ‐ within 3 to 6 months compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review