Child microbiological presence (any mutans streptococci colonisation) · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) led to lower child microbiological presence (any mutans streptococci colonisation) compared with consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.60 [0.45, 0.81]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Mother microbiological presence (mutans streptococci colonisation level, CFU/mL) · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) led to higher mother microbiological presence (mutans streptococci colonisation… compared with consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
defs index score · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
It is very uncertain whether consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) changes defs index score (categories) compared with consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to… (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Thorild 2003 defs score categories (very low-certainty): 1-3 defs RR 0.48 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.54); 3-4 defs RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.18 to 3.98); >=5 defs RR 0.28 (95% CI 0.01 to 6.78); 96 participants.
1 study · 96 participants
Very low
MD -0.28 [-0.83, 0.27]
1 study · 96 participants
Very low
Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline shade)
It is very uncertain whether 4% SHMP chewing gum changes tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline shade)
It is very uncertain whether 1% STPP chewing gum changes tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Xylitol chewing gum vs No treatment or non-cariogenic control
Outcome not reported · Children and adults
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline shade)
It is very uncertain whether 5.6% SHMP chewing gum changes tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline shade)
It is very uncertain whether 7.5% SHMP chewing gum changes tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people
Xylitol significantly reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque compared with no treatment (SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.37; 5 trials, I2=53%; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Chlorhexidine chewing gum vs Placebo or no intervention (including routine care)
Outcome not reported · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient preference · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
Stimulated whole saliva (SWS) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
Xerostomia (dry mouth relief) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
Risheim 1993 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=18, rheumatic patients): both products gave good subjective relief of dry mouth in slightly less than one third of participants; crossover design not accounted for, no…
1 study · 18 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral mucosal moisture · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth
One small study found that chewing hard (but not soft) gum increased oral mucosal moisture.
1 finding from 1 review
Infant dental caries · Pregnant Alaska Native women and their infants
No infant caries outcomes were assessed because the proposed randomized trial was discontinued.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
Chewing gum (mechanical saliva stimulant) showed no clear difference in xerostomia (mouth dryness, VAS/scale) compared with saliva substitute spray; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.11 [-0.33, 0.11]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
Chewing gum (mechanical saliva stimulant) showed no clear difference in salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) compared with saliva substitute spray; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD 0.01 [-0.01, 0.04]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Patient preference · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
Chewing gum (mechanical saliva stimulant) led to lower patient preference compared with saliva substitute spray; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Bots 2005: statistically significant preference for chewing gum over Xialine spray, 39/49 (80%) preferred gum vs 10/49 (20%) spray (Chi2 17.16, df=1; P < 0.001) (Analysis 2.3). Davies 2000: more people preferred gum,…
1 study · 65 participants
GRADE not reported
Stimulated whole saliva (SWS) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review