What do systematic reviews say?

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3-4 months
  MD -0.48 [-0.65, -0.31]
  18 studies
  GRADE not reported

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone

It is very uncertain whether mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline… changes bleeding on probing (ratios) compared with mechanical debridement alone (very low certainty).

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  OR 0.45 [0.14, 1.52]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  See comment. Killeen 2016 reported no adverse events at follow-up examinations in either study arm. Tonetti 2012 reported that there were no serious adverse events.
  2 studies · 251 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline… showed no clear difference in pocket depth (mm) compared with mechanical debridement alone (low certainty).

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  MD -0.10 [-0.59, 0.39]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline… showed no clear difference in clinical attachment level (mm) compared with mechanical debridement alone (low certainty).

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  MD 0.10 [-0.42, 0.62]
  1 study · 53 participants
  Low

Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Not measured
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… showed no clear difference in gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.87 [0.70, 1.10]
  11 studies · 5671 participants
  Low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes preterm birth < 35 weeks compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.19 [0.81, 1.76]
  2 studies · 2557 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Six studies (2573 participants) reported mean gestational age in weeks; data not pooled due to skewness; mean difference ranged between -0.1 and 1.4 weeks. Two studies reported gestational age as time-to-event data…
  6 studies · 2573 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  0% in both groups; Not estimated; 2389 participants (4 RCTs)
  4 studies · 2389 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes preterm birth < 32 weeks compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.35 [0.78, 2.32]
  3 studies · 2755 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes low birth weight < 1500 g compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.80 [0.38, 1.70]
  2 studies · 2550 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes severe pre-eclampsia (progression from mild pre-eclampsia) compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.21 [0.77, 1.92]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Eight studies (5120 participants) reported birth weight in grams; data not pooled due to skewness; mean difference ranged between -52.8 and 476.6 grams.
  8 studies · 5120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.9); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes perinatal mortality (including fetal and neonatal deaths up to the… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.43]
  7 studies · 5320 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.7); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.6); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… showed no clear difference in small for gestational age compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
  3 studies · 3610 participants
  Low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… may leads to lower birth weight (low birth weight < 2500 g) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.67 [0.48, 0.95]
  7 studies · 3470 participants
  Low