No spontaneous vaginal birth within a specified time · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour
It is very uncertain whether fundal pressure by inflatable belt changes operative birth ‐ instrumental or caesarean section compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with hands on (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 2nd degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Warm compresses probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Warm compresses showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Massage may leads to higher intact perineum compared with control (hands off or care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes perineal trauma requiring suturing compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree perineal tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes 1st degree perineal tear compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes 2nd degree perineal tear compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Massage probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes episiotomy compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes intact perineum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 1st degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 2nd degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Ritgen's manoeuvre showed no clear difference in 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Ritgen's manoeuvre showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 1st degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review