Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Clinical response: mean score/change in global state: mean CGI‐S score (high = poor) Medium term (12 weeks) · schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
Very low

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Adverse effect/event: clinically important extrapyramidal adverse events ‐ akathisia (medium term) · schizophrenia

Mirtazapine adjunct may leads to lower adverse effects: extrapyramidal ‐ clinically important change… compared with placebo adjunct (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.2, 0.52]
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Activities of daily living · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Global state · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Social functioning · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Adverse effect · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Quality of life · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Employment · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Occupational therapy vs delivery by non‐specialists

Service use · adults with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.67 [0.42, 6.61]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 216 participants
Very low

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ vs haloperidol ‐… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.04, 0.41]
6 studies · 233 participants
Low

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Satisfaction with treatment: from the perspective of consumer, family and informal carers or professionals/carers at any point during the acute management stage · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Cost‐effectiveness · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ lorazepam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.98]
1 study · 200 participants
Low

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs haloperidol + promethazineNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [1.04, 1.23]
1 study · 301 participants
Low

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.17 [1.16, 4.05]
1 study · 200 participants
Low

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.81]
1 study · 200 participants
Low