Criteria-based screening (dentist refers using pre-established… showed no clear difference in dental attendance compared with no screening (low certainty).
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to higher clinical assessment: alveolar ridge healing (0 to 3 grading scale) compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to higher radiographic assessment: periapical film (0 to 3 grading scale) compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to lower length of hospital stay (days) compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… showed no clear difference in postoperative complication: persistent oronasal fistula compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to higher radiographic assessment: three-dimensional CT scan (0 to 3 grading… compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to higher number of participants discharged on the same day as surgery compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… showed no clear difference in clinical assessment: nasal alar base augmentation (0 to 3 grading… compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to higher radiographic assessment: Panorex scan (0 to 3 grading scale) compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… showed no clear difference in postoperative complication: (partial) loss of bone graft compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.
In a subgroup analysis, probiotics reduced the number of caries in adolescents (MD -0.60, 95%CI -0.92 to -0.28; p-interaction=0.02); not GRADE-rated.
Probiotics probably make little to no difference to the gingival index versus control (MD 0.04, 95%CI -0.18 to 0.27; low certainty).
Probiotics may make little to no difference to Lactobacillus count versus control (MD -0.78 CFU/mL, 95%CI -1.65 to 0.09; very low certainty).
Probiotics may make little to no difference to salivary pH versus control (MD -0.12 pH units, 95%CI -0.72 to 0.48; very low certainty).
Probiotics probably make little to no difference to the number of dental caries versus control (MD -0.24 carious pieces, 95%CI -0.72 to 0.23; low certainty).
Probiotics probably reduce Streptococcus mutans count versus control (MD -0.40 CFU/mL, 95%CI -0.57 to -0.24; moderate certainty).
Only one trial (Borrell 2021) reported the bleeding index, showing slightly more bleeding with probiotics (MD 0.10, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.18); not pooled or GRADE-rated.
Probiotics may make little to no difference to the bacterial plaque index versus control (MD 0.21, 95%CI -0.55 to 0.96; very low certainty).
Only one trial (Mishra 2014) reported S. viridans count, showing a higher count with probiotics (MD 0.40 CFU/mL, 95%CI 0.33 to 0.47); not pooled or GRADE-rated.
Depot corticosteroids (systemic; 40 mg methylprednisolone IM every 3… showed no clear difference in mean number of oral ulcers compared with placebo (saline IM injection); GRADE not reported.