What do systematic reviews say?

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to higher time to disease progression Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.33 [1.17, 1.5]
  2 studies · 1349 participants
  Moderate

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.2, 1.1]
  3 studies · 2046 participants
  Low

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower time to death from any cause Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.72 [0.63, 0.81]
  2 studies · 1473 participants
  Low

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 727 participants
  Low

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97]
  2 studies · 1423 participants
  Low

Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes

  oral cavity
  Recurrence: not reported for the oral cancer subgroup (Iyer 2015).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy)

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes

  oral cavity
  Locoregional recurrence: reported difference between groups not statistically significant (P=0.355), but no useable data; 32 participants (1 RCT, Iyer 2015).
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.95 [0.62, 1.47]
  2 studies · 331 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… changes progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.56, 1.38]
  3 studies · 739 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 229 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… showed no clear difference in any severe adverse event (grade 3 or higher) (G3+ SevAE) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.8, 1.39]
  1 study · 254 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with placebo after chemotherapy (maintenance therapy) (moderate certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.65, 1.2]
  2 studies · 560 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with placebo after chemotherapy (maintenance therapy) (high certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.34 [0.28, 0.42]
  4 studies · 1677 participants
  High

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 339 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… may leads to higher any severe adverse event (grade 3 or higher) (G3+ SevAE) compared with placebo after chemotherapy (maintenance therapy) (low certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.62 [1.85, 3.72]
  4 studies · 1665 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐resistant recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐resistant recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐resistant recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found