Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

954 questions · 963 findings · 130 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 181 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 71 · 7.4%Very low 163 · 16.9%Low 311 · 32.3%Moderate 163 · 16.9%High 74 · 7.7%

BNT162b2 – Pfizer/BioNTech + Fosun Pharma vs placebo

Confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

mRNA‐1273 – ModernaTX vs placebo

Confirmed symptomatic COVID‐19b

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 31632 participants
High

FINLAY‐FR‐2 – Instituto Finlay de Vacunas vs placebo

Systemic reactogenicity events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

FINLAY‐FR‐2 – Instituto Finlay de Vacunas vs placebo

Any adverse event

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

FINLAY‐FR‐2 – Instituto Finlay de Vacunas vs placebo

Serious adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

FINLAY‐FR‐2 – Instituto Finlay de Vacunas vs placebo

Local reactogenicity events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Confirmed symptomatic COVID‐19b

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Severe or critical COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

All‐cause mortalityÂ

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Systemic reactogenicity events

Heterologous vaccination scheme showed no clear difference in systemic reactogenicity eventsb compared with homologous vaccination scheme (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [0.52, 7.41]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Any adverse eventf

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
Very low

mRNA‐1273 – ModernaTX vs placebo

Severe or critical COVID‐19

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28451 participants
High

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Serious adverse eventsk

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 229 participants
Very low

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Local reactogenicity events

Heterologous vaccination scheme may leads to higher local reactogenicity eventsb compared with homologous vaccination scheme (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 11.76 [1.59, 87.14]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

Booster vs placebo/no booster

Confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Booster vs placebo/no booster

Confirmed symptomatic COVID‐19b

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Booster vs placebo/no booster

Severe or critical COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Booster vs placebo/no booster

All‐cause mortalityb

It is very uncertain whether booster changes all‐cause mortalityb compared with placebo/no booster (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [0.52, 3.05]
1 study · 28254 participants
Very low

Booster vs placebo/no booster

Systemic reactogenicity events

Booster showed no clear difference in systemic reactogenicity eventsf compared with placebo/no booster (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.71, 4.56]
1 study · 119 participants
Low