Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,640 questions · 2,709 findings · 446 reviews

No studies found 593 · 21.9%GRADE not reported 241 · 8.9%Very low 538 · 19.9%Low 706 · 26.1%Moderate 516 · 19%High 115 · 4.2%

Incentives vs no incentives

Smoking cessation in mixed populations ‐ Longest · s

Incentives leads to higher smoking cessation in mixed populations ‐ Longest compared with no incentives (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Incentives vs no incentives

Smoking cessation in pregnancy at longest · Pregnant women who smoke

Incentives probably leads to higher smoking cessation in pregnancy at longest compared with no incentives (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biomedical risk assessment vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Smoking cessation · people who smoke

Biomedical risk assessment showed no clear difference in feedback on smoking exposure Smoking cessation at longest compared with standard care or minimal intervention (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long‐term adverse effects or toxicity · people with rheumatoid arthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long‐term abstinence (all randomised) Measured as self‐reported and biochemical validation at 6 to 12 months · people who smoke

The intervention probably leads to higher long‐term abstinence (all randomised) Measured as self‐reported and… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery with excision of failed tape vs surgery without excision of tape

Objective cure rates in the longer‐term ‐ more than 12 months, · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

Objective cure rates in the longer‐term ‐ more than 12 months, · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape

Objective cure rates in the longer‐term ‐ more than 12 months, · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical conditioning interventions vs usual care

Proportion of participants at work in the extended long term (≥ 5 years) · patients with coronary heart disease

Physical conditioning interventions may leads to higher proportion of participants at work in the extended long term (≥ 5… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined interventions vs usual care

Proportion of participants at work in the extended long term (≥ 5 years) · patients with coronary heart disease

It is very uncertain whether combined interventions changes proportion of participants at work in the extended long term (≥ 5… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review