What do systematic reviews say?

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups.
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- vitamins) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- vitamins) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  long-term (>3 to 6 months)
  MD -0.89 [-2.37, 0.59]
  2 studies · 94 participants
  Very low

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to lower average duration of RAS episode (days) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -2.86 [-5.39, -0.33]
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to lower pain score compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -1.72 [-2.70, -0.74]
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  No adverse events were associated with receiving vitamin B12 or placebo in this study.
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to higher 'No ulcer' status during last 2 months of treatment compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  RR 3.27 [1.23, 8.66]
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to lower frequency of outbreaks per month compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -8.74 [-16.62, -0.86]
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

It is very uncertain whether interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) changes side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower… compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (very low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.69 [1.2, 18.44]
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 290 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: headache compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.58 [0.18, 1.92]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: vomiting compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months (treatment lasted 12 months)
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05]
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 to 12 months
  SoF 1, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 4 to 12 months: 'Studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. One study evaluated topical treatment and did not find evidence of benefit; 3 studies of systemic…
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported