What do systematic reviews say?

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  9 years (three cycles)
  The costs associated with the screening programme were reported after three cycles (nine years) (Subramanian 2009) (Additional Table 8). The benefit produced by a screen was 269.31 life-years saved per 100,000 for all…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  No harms were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham

Acupuncture may leads to higher unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) compared with placebo (sham acupuncture) (low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months (1 year follow-up)
  MD 0.06 [0.01, 0.11]
  2 studies · 54 participants
  Low
• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment (4-6 weeks)
  MD 0.02 [0, 0.04]
  3 studies · 71 participants
  Low

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer incidence compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.44]
  1 study · 191873 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
  RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.19]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

It is very uncertain whether electrostimulation (device) changes stimulated whole saliva (SWS) compared with placebo (sham/placebo device) (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment (4 weeks)
  MD 0.16 [-0.05, 0.37]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Acupuncture vs sham

Acupuncture may leads to higher stimulated whole saliva (SWS) compared with placebo (sham acupuncture) (low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months (1 year follow-up)
  MD 0.28 [0.09, 0.47]
  2 studies · 54 participants
  Low
• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment (4-6 weeks)
  MD 0.19 [0.07, 0.31]
  3 studies · 71 participants
  Low

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers led to lower stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  RR 0.81 [0.70, 0.93]
  1 study · 523 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
  RR 0.82 [0.71, 0.95]
  1 study · 486 participants
  GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  Data on quality of life were not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  Across the four cycles (15 years), the reported sensitivity of the visual examination in detecting oral cancer was 67.4% (188/279). No information on the specificity or the positive predictive value of the programme…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Wong 2003 stated 'no adverse effects were caused by Codetron'; Steller 1988 and Talal 1992 did not mention whether adverse effects occurred
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Acupuncture vs sham

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in dry mouth (mouth dryness, different scales) compared with placebo (sham acupuncture) (low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment (4-6 weeks)
  SMD -0.34 [-0.81, 0.14]
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Low

Toluidine blue (visual staining) vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  There was no evidence to support the use of adjunctive technologies like toluidine blue, brush biopsy or fluorescence imaging as a screening tool to reduce oral cancer mortality; no eligible randomised controlled trial…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

Powered toothbrush showed no clear difference in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) compared with manual toothbrush; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  45 minutes after brushing
  MD -0.07 [-0.74, 0.60]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  There was no evidence to support the use of adjunctive technologies like toluidine blue, brush biopsy or fluorescence imaging as a screening tool to reduce oral cancer mortality; no eligible randomised controlled trial…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

Powered toothbrush showed no clear difference in stimulated whole saliva (SWS) compared with manual toothbrush; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 minutes after brushing
  MD -0.13 [-1.92, 1.66]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported