What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 290 participants
  Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: headache compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.58 [0.18, 1.92]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: vomiting compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).

• Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.4]
  2 studies · 1027 participants
  Very low

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).

• Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.49, 1.15]
  2 studies · 1102 participants
  Very low

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

• Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1144 participants
  Very low

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

• Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 584 participants
  Very low

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.95, 1.1]
  12 studies · 46699 participants
  High

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… leads to lower stroke compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.82, 0.99]
  10 studies · 44224 participants
  High

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]
  11 studies · 44817 participants
  High

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]
  8 studies · 35788 participants
  High

Oral nutritional supplements vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.53]
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Oral nutritional supplements vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral nutritional supplements vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1… changes adverse events (death) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low