Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,209 questions · 2,322 findings · 227 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 644 · 27.7%GRADE not reported 135 · 5.8%Very low 591 · 25.5%Low 582 · 25.1%Moderate 309 · 13.3%High 61 · 2.6%

Acupuncture vs medication

Major adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 927 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs medication

Number of minor adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Acupuncture may leads to lower number of minor adverse events compared with medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.26, 0.45]
8 studies · 1004 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs medication

Presence or absence of urinary urgency · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes presence or absence of urinary urgency compared with medication (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.4
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs medication

Daytime urinary frequency · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in daytime urinary frequency compared with medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.73
4 studies · 360 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Major adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs medication

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period compared with medication (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.33
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs medication

Episodes of nocturia · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in episodes of nocturia compared with medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.5
2 studies · 80 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Number of minor adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Presence or absence of urinary urgency · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Daytime urinary frequency · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Episodes of nocturia · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham

Major adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 236 participants
Low

Wavefront procedures vs conventional procedures

Proportion of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better post‐treatment. ‐ 12 months · Adults with refractive errors

Wavefront procedures showed no clear difference in proportion of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or… compared with conventional procedures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.86, 1.24]
1 study · 70 participants
Low

Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures

Eyes within ± 0.5 D of target refraction · Adults with refractive errors

Wavefront‐optimized procedures showed no clear difference in proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 diopters (D) of target refraction… compared with wavefront‐guided procedures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.95, 1.09]
4 studies · 480 participants
Low

Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures

Mean higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) post‐treatment, measured by machine with wavefront sensor ‐ 12 months · Adults with refractive errors

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 622 participants
Low

Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures

Proportion of eyes with significant visual loss (loss of 2 or more lines from pretreatment BSCVA): 12 months · Adults with refractive errors

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK

Proportion of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better post‐treatment. ‐ 12 months · Adults with refractive errors

It is very uncertain whether wavefront‐guided LASIK changes proportion of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or… compared with wavefront‐guided PRK (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.15]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK

Loss of 1 or more lines of BSCVA at 12 months post treatment · Adults with refractive errors

It is very uncertain whether wavefront‐guided LASIK changes proportion of eyes that had lost 1 or more lines of best… compared with wavefront‐guided PRK (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.15]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK

Eyes within ± 0.5 D of target refraction · Adults with refractive errors

It is very uncertain whether wavefront‐guided LASIK changes proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 diopters (D) of target refraction… compared with wavefront‐guided PRK (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.82, 1.14]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low