Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Subjective measures – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Objective global measures · people with attention deficits following stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Alertness · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Selective attention – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Sustained attention – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Divided attention – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Functional abilities – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Mood · people with attention deficits following stroke
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life – · people with attention deficits following stroke
2 findings from 1 review
Mood disturbance or negative affect: depression · people with attention deficits following stroke
1 finding from 1 review
Attention · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training showed no clear difference in attention compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Information processing speed · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes information processing speed compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Memory span · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training may leads to higher memory span compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cognitive subdomain: working memory measured at the end of · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes working memory compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate verbal memory · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training showed no clear difference in immediate verbal memory compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Executive function (specific cognitive function) · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes executive functions compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Depression · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes depression compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review