Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

52 questions · 69 findings · 11 reviews

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No studies found 6 · 8.7%GRADE not reported 40 · 58%Very low 8 · 11.6%Low 8 · 11.6%Moderate 7 · 10.1%High 0 · 0%

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs no intervention

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol significantly reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque compared with no treatment (SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.37; 5 trials, I2=53%; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
Post-consumption endpoint (trial durations 2 wk to 6 mo) · All age groups, generally healthy; multiple countries; sugar substitutes delivered as chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets · Xylitol gum vs no treatment (5 studies, mixed ages)
SMD -0.73 [-1.09, -0.37]
5 studies · 308 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs Sorbitol (low-intensity sweetener)

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque more than sorbitol (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.21; 4 trials, I2=7%); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
Post-consumption endpoint (varied durations across trials) · All age groups, generally healthy; multiple countries; sugar substitutes delivered as chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets · Xylitol vs sorbitol (4 studies)
SMD -0.45 [-0.69, -0.21]
4 studies · 323 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Using xylitol products more than 3 times per day · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary… led to higher using xylitol products more than 3 times per day compared with basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

FEV1 % predicted: relative change from baseline · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Very low

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

FEV1 · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

LCI · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

All‐cause mortality · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

Measures of sputum clearance · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

Pulmonary exacerbations · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Low

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

Adverse events: serious adverse events · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Very low

V6 chewing gum / mucin chewing gum vs PTC chewing gum (xylitol/sorbitol/mannitol)

Salivary flow rate · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Olsson 1991 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=14): both gums increased saliva secretion, peaking 17.5 minutes after chewing started; significant treatment-by-period interaction; no per-group data presented.
1 study · 14 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs Other preventive measures (xylitol lozenges)

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (DMFS, approximal surfaces) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gums) for preventing dental caries in children 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
24-36 months
PF 0.00 [-0.59, 0.59]
1 study · 115 participants
Low