Depression · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Depression (Cohort studies): HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.72), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
2 findings from 1 review
Ischaemic stroke · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic stroke (Hazard ratio (cohort studies)): HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
2 findings from 1 review
Kidney cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Kidney cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.58), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Colorectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colorectal cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.73), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.01 [0.59, 1.73]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Breast cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Breast cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.44), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Colon cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colon cancer: OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.35), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.88 [0.57, 1.35]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Prostate cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.14), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Small for gestational age: OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Birth length · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth length: WMD 0.19 (95% CI -0.26 to 0.65), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Birthweight (g) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth weight: WMD 130.9 (95% CI 75.1 to 186.7), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) · Adults with diabetes
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fasting glucose (Diabetes patients with normal glucose tolerance): WMD 0.01 (95% CI -0.21 to 0.23), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
2 findings from 1 review
WMD 0.01 [-0.21, 0.23]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
WMD -0.3 [-0.9, 0.3]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported