Payment to physicians versus no payment · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher payment to physicians versus no payment compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Client reminder and recall (letter + leaflet or postcard) compared to letter · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Increasing community demand leads to higher client reminder and recall (letter + leaflet or postcard) compared… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Client reminder and recall (customised letter or phone call) compared to form letter · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
1 finding from 1 review
Client reminder and recall (telephone call from retired teacher plus educational brochure) compared to usual publicity · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Increasing community demand leads to higher client reminder and recall (telephone call from retired teacher plus… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Client reminder and recall (telephone invitation) compared to invitation to patient when "dropped in" to clinic · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Increasing community demand probably leads to higher client reminder and recall (telephone invitation) compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Brochure + lottery for free groceries compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Increasing community demand showed no clear difference in brochure + lottery for free groceries compared to no intervention compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Questionnaires to clients about attitudes · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Increasing community demand leads to higher questionnaires to clients about attitudes compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Client‐based education (health risk appraisal) compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
The intervention showed no clear difference in acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality (deaths during trial period) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality (deaths during trial period) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Carriage of NTHi Not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year) **Corticosteroids not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
The intervention may leads to higher antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year)… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospital admissions (number of participants hospitalised during trial period) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Quality of life Not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Influenza · People aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Lower respiratory tract infection · People aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Admission to hospital for respiratory illness · People aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Deaths from influenza or its complications · People aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Deaths from all causes · People aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1 finding from 1 review